A Brief Note On Euthanasia And The United States - 882 Words

History of Euthanasia in the U.S. Euthanasia is the act or practice, killing of permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy killing. Far more controversial, active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action. In response to a request from the person. Euthanasia itself been around for as long as the history of medicine. This euthanasia is enormous and have long history in the United States. This so called euthanasia, started in 5 B.C. in Ancient Greece. Hippocratic Oath believed to have been written by Hippocrates. The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by physicians stating they will practice medicine ethically and honestly. However, most doctors tend to ignored this rule and basically did whatever they wanted. Euthanasia was not accepted in American colonies during the 17th century. This believed to be morally wrong and unnatural. The majority of people that lived in the American colonies were Christians. Euthanasia was against their morals and others. Euthanasia in the United States was still believed to be wrong and was unaccepted in the late 18th century. A few states decriminalized it during the Revolutionary War. Even with it being decriminalized, many people were still very against it. People would take drastic measures to try and heal their family, but suicide or mercy-killing was not an option for them. Finally, during 1828, New York makes the firs t lawShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is The Other Form And It Takes Place Against The Patient s Consent1005 Words   |  5 PagesInvoluntary euthanasia is the other form and it takes place against the patient’s consent. Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby a physician carries out the act despite the fact that the patient does not have the ability to make the decision. To understand the slippery slope here, it is important to take note of the fact that all these forms of euthanasia are morally demeaning since they do not uphold the right to life. Legalizing PAS would, therefore, imply that the right to life is beingRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 Pagesto explore the prospects of physician assisted suicide as for the greater good and as a modern ethical obligation. Gorsuch, Neil M.. â€Å"Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia.† Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2006. 1-24, 180-200. The author of this book set the stage by giving a brief history of euthanasia and doctor assisted suicide in American and in various countries across the globe, mentioning cases such of Doctor Kevorkian of the early ‘90s in America assisting in theRead MoreEuthanasia Prologue To The Holocaust4567 Words   |  19 PagesEuthanasia Euthanasia: Prologue to the Holocaust Sophie Payne Introduction to Historical Research Methods April 20, 2017 Sophie Payne Euthanasia: Prologue to the Holocaust Euthanasia, the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering, dates to the first and second centuries. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word Eu (good) and Thanatosis (death). While euthanasia typically refers to the assistance of a painless death for a chronically orRead MoreAruna Shanbaug Case - Supreme Court of India14522 Words   |  59 PagesMr. Vahanvati, Mr. T. R. Andhyarujina, learned Senior Counsel, whom we had appointed as amicus curiae, Mr. Pallav Sisodia, learned senior counsel for the Dean, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, and Mr. Chinmay Khaldkar, learned counsel for the State of Maharashtra. 2 2. Euthanasia is one of the most perplexing issues which the courts and legislatures all over the world are facing today. This Court, in this case, is facing the same issue, and we feel like a ship in an uncharted sea, seeking some guidance by theRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pagesdiscussions, debates, or other group activities; and respectfully engage with views contrary to their own. Course Requirements: 1 mid-term essay – 10% of your final grade 1 final essay – 25% of your final grade 4 response papers – each of these brief and informal papers is worth 5% of your final grade 6 quizzes – each of these short quizzes is worth 5% of your final grade class participation (including one oral presentation on one of the assigned response papers) – 5% class attendance – 10%Read MoreScientific Method and Health Care2524 Words   |  11 Pages | | | | | | | | | |Prepare a brief summary, stating whether each reference is peer reviewed. Explain how you | | | | |determined if the articles were peer reviewed. | Read MorePHL 612: Philosophy of Law5882 Words   |  24 Pagesalterations to the grading scheme includes: (a) discussing the changes with the class; (b) making such revisions as early as possible in the course; and (c) confirming the changes both orally and in writing (handout or posting to course website). NOTE: Faculty Course Surveys will be administered online Readings and Resources: There will be a Course Website on Blackboard. Course readings will be comprised of selected journal articles and court cases as specified in the Course Schedule. TheRead MoreFaithful Citizenship10006 Words   |  41 Pageslife. We are part of a global community facing urgent threats to the environment that must sustain us. These challenges are at the heart of public life and at the center of the pursuit of the common good.1 3. For many years, we bishops of the United States have sought to share Catholic teaching on political life. We have done so in a series of statements issued every four years focused on â€Å"political responsibility† or â€Å"faithful citizenship.† In this document we continue that practice, maintainingRead MoreThesis: Should Abortions Be Legal?6429 Words   |  26 Pagesgovernment has moved swiftly to allow the use of US taxpayers money to fund abortion groups all over the world by rescinding the Mexico City Policy first instituted in the 1980: to enable China’s coercive population control program by funding the united Nations Population Fund, and :to roll back restrictions on funding for human embryo-destroying stem cell experimentation.(Smith). Synthesis One of the nine reasons found that we should not legalize abortion is the laws against abortion kill womenRead MoreThe Effect of Information Technology on Human Life5123 Words   |  21 Pageseven what customers look at on a web site algorithms can then generate lists of similar or ancillary products and services, creating a more robust experience and relationship with the client (Wilson, 1999). There are too many changes in this field to note here, but if we take one branch food production, we can see that IT has revolutionized the food segment from seeds and plants to consuming. Agricultural machinery, for instance, has virtually eliminated human labor in many areas of production. Biotechnology

The Is The Key Reason Why Success - 849 Words

As young people living in the 21st century, we often forget that there are values that we must possess. These values it becomes important for us because they form us into a tough, successful individual who possesses personal integrity. Rapid technological developments cause us to be swayed away by very lucrative forms of convenience. Indeed, technology makes us more advanced but if technology is not offset with a tough mentality, it will only produce a generation of slackers. In addition, the young are the successors of this nation; we all know that this country can move forward, thanks to the hard work of our predecessors. Persistence is the key reason why individuals—from George Washington to Steve Jobs—became a successful people in†¦show more content†¦I told my friends about my concerns so that I could receive their feedback about what I should do, but I still felt uneasy. Last summer, my friends took me hiking in Colorado. On our second day, we hiked al ong 12-miles route. I was less athletic than my friends who accompanied me that day. I realized that hiking was very tiring. Moreover, we needed to account for everything, including our food reserves and drinks, in order to arrive safely at our destination. My friends kept asking me if I was still able to continue until to the end of the hike. Along the way, I thought about stopping and returning to the campground. After stopping 2 miles short of our destination, we stopped and I felt extremely drained. We had 2 options to consider: first, continue for 2 miles to make to our planned destination, or go 0.5 miles to a different destination. They gave me the right to pick which route we would take. Throughout the hike, I hadn’t been able to bear the exertion, I constantly whined to my friends, but that moment hit me so hard. I could feel at the time that they were sorry and upset with me, and had begun to doubt my persistence. The persistence that I thought I had was nonsense. Realizing that fact devastated me and caused me to feel like I was being stripped. I knew from the start that I was passionate about becoming a doctor. That longing and persistence would bring me into my dream job. However, I always say I m afraid I can’t.., but cannot isShow MoreRelated Yahoo Case Study Essay example1560 Words   |  7 PagesCase about Yahoo 1. Success as a Web Search Engine a. Why was Yahoo! such an early success on the Web? Yahoo was an early success due to a combination of factors such as timing, hard work, and a good understanding of Web surfer’s tastes and needs.. In early 1995, Net mania was just flowering. It was a great time to be a young entrepreneur with an Internet idea. Dave Faldo and Jerry Yang saw a consumer need for classifying and differentiating web sights. Resting the urge to automateRead MoreEight Key Factors Ensuring Project Success1248 Words   |  5 PagesEight Key Factors to Ensuring Project Success Author: Duncan Haughey Version 1.0 Introduction: As the project manager you are ultimately responsible for delivering a successful project. The buck stops with you, so it is in your interest to ensure relevant tools and techniques are deployed to make this happen. Some of the following may sound obvious but I encounter these basic mistakes month in month out with project managers scratching their heads wondering how and why it allRead MoreThe New World ( Americas )973 Words   |  4 Pagesmany aspects. the component that best explains the success of the Europeans’ conquest and/or colonization of the indigenous west Africans and Americans is a combination of both a-material and physical advantages. The reasons that best explain the Europeans’ successful conquest is their capitalist orientation, religious differences to the natives, and their ability to dominate via technological superiority. . Although there are numerous reasons for the motivation of the Europeans to conquer andRead MoreThe Theory Of Motivation And Failure1703 Words   |  7 Pages Classic work by Weiner (1985, 2010) identified the theory of motivation and the importance of understanding the causal dimensions in relation to achievement, success and failure. Weiner (1985, 2010) identified three attribution dimensions: internal/ external locus, stability and controllability. These are distinguished further into: effort- internal, unstable, controllable; ability- internal, stable, uncontrollable; task difficulty- external, stable, uncontrollable; and luck- external, unstableRead MoreStarbucks : The Essential Element Of The Starbucks Experience1112 Words   |  5 Pagesthe customer. I believe this is part of the reason why Starbucks has grown so much over the past years. Because, they put customers in the middle of their priority. 2) The other elements of their success include of many things such as the right market segmentation. Where the sale is based on comfort rather than convenience such as other competitions, leadership is instilled where innovative products are used. Also, execution is the most important key, and this focus is on having an original productRead MoreBudgeting Is The Main Goal For Profit Planning905 Words   |  4 PagesBudgeting is the main goal for profit planning. All businesses should prepare budgets; all large business does (Mowen and Heitger, 370). Budgets are financial plans for the future and are the key component of planning (Mowen and Heitger, 370). Planning and control correspond to each other in an important and dynamic way. Planning is looking ahead to see what actions must occur to realize specific goals. In addition to planning, control is looking backward to determine what happened and compare itRead MoreWhy Nations Fail : The Origins Of Power, Prosperity, And Poverty, By Daron Acemoglu Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesName : Tutor : Course: Date : Book Review- Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, by Daron Acemoglu (Author), James A. Robinson Background The book ‘Why nations fail’ was written by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. The first author, an economics lecturer and was promoted to full professor in 2000. He is a member of the economic growth program of the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research. His interests and particularly to his audience are political economy where mostRead MoreApple Inc. in 2010762 Words   |  4 PagesKey Success Factors There are several key success factors for Apple, Inc. that have made it successful in the markets that it competes in. First, the company is constantly coming up with new and creative innovations. In the personal computer industry, it created MacBooks in 2009. In the personal media player industry Apple created the iPod. This followed with the creation of the itunes store, which catapulted iPod sales. This was due to the fact that consumers could download and storeRead MoreEthics Paper738 Words   |  3 Pagesat University of Phoenix. Strategic planning involves organizing and developing strategies that the company will be utilizing towards their success. Such strategies involve the creation of a mission and vision statement, policies for the employees to abide by, and decisions to provide companies with success. From the perspective of a stakeholder, the success of the company is their primary concern. However, due to recent business scandals such as the Enron scandal and Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi schemeRead MoreAnalysis Of Class Matters By Bill Keller757 Words   |  4 Pageschildren born in the upper class are going to the more selective colleges than children not born in the upper class. This doesn’t mean they weren’t accepted, but if they were accepted they may not have enough money to go. Health could also be a reason why people stay in the class they were inherited in. The text says, â€Å" The more education and income people have, the less likely they are to have or die of heart disea se, strokes, diabetes, along with many types of cancer. Upper-middle-class Americans

The Gift of the Magi Analysis Base on Mla Format Free Essays

Name Subject Lecturer Date Sacrifice Della and Jim as a Young Married Couple in â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† By O. Henry William Sydney Porter who also known by his pen name O. Henry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gift of the Magi Analysis Base on Mla Format or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was born on September 11, 1862 in Greensboro, North Carolina. O. Henry was an american author that always make excellent literary’s work with twist plot, suprising ending and irony as his style and usually his works also inspired by social live or condition. The several famous O. Henry works like  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Ransom of Red Chief, â€Å"The Furnished Room† and â€Å"The Gift of the Magi. † The Gift of the Magi to tell about a young married couple (Della and Jim) who to face the economic crisis in their live. They supposed to buy a prize for the Christmas Eve, but they just have bit money. Della who have a beautiful hair and Jim have a precious clock, finally Della’s sell her hair, and buy an expensive chain for Jim’s clock, and Jim sell his precious clock and he changes it into an expensive hair accessories. The gift of the magi who setting when Chrismast Eve, with the main characters Della and Jim, the theme about a young marriage couple who to test their love in the Chrismast Eve, and the irony happens at the time they gift their present for each others. In this work O. Henry describe about young couple married, Della and Jim still young but they will become an adult when they’re try to solve their own problem. O. Henry describes the character Jim have a mature think, likewise Della’s, Della character is not an egoist wife, and an understanding wife and also she try to not bothered his husband otherwise she really helps Jim with : â€Å"Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. † Della’s understand their economic condition, and that’s way she help her husband. And how about Jim? Jim is a sample of husband who has a duty to make his wife happy; he’s a hard working man. He is also selling his precious clock to give Della Chrismast present with an expensive hair accessories. O. Henry makes a solving Della and Jim problems are, Della finally find how the way she can give her husband a prize, she’s sells her beautiful wave hair, and then she buy her husband and likewise with Jim. They immolate their precious things to give a present in the Chistmast Eve. Then in the relationship of marriage needs an understanding feeling without this feeling the relationship will be broken moreover they are still young couple, many young couples who have egoistic characters because they still young and difficult to control their emotions and finally get divorce is the best solution . But, differ to Della and Jim, they look so mature person when their face into trouble life, they have sacrifice love: â€Å"Dell,† said he, â€Å"let’s put our Christmas presents away and keep ’em a while. They’re too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on. In this works O. Henry likes neutral when describe their both characters. He’s use the feminism and heroic fenomens in describing each character. Della a strong woman and Jim a sincere man. They sincerity and their sacrifice love suitable as an example to the others young married couples. Works Cited Hen ry, O. â€Å"The gift of the magi. † Web. 19 Dec. 2012. http://www. online-literature. com/donne/1014/ Henry, O. â€Å"The gift of the magi. † Theme. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. http://www. shmoop. com/gift-of-the-magi/sacrifice-theme. html Henry ,O. â€Å"Wikipedia. † Web. 19 Dec. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/O. _Henry How to cite The Gift of the Magi Analysis Base on Mla Format, Essay examples

Basking Shark Essay Sample free essay sample

The basking shark is a poem speaking about the brush a adult male had with a certain species of shark – the basking shark. The brush is filled with graphic item. with imagination and enunciation that helps in puting the attitude of the verse form. the tone. the human status and the beef uping brought out to the verse form. based on the imagination and construction. The poet presents the shark in a ver subdued mode. non suggesting at the shark straight. Alternatively. he forst describes the shark as a ‘roomsized monster’ . and that gives the feeling to the reader that the poet is afraid of the shark. and looks at the shark as a animal that is non to be messed with. as it is decidedly non friendly. However. while he fears the shark. he besides insults the shark. by hitting at his intelligence. claiming that the shark merely has a encephalon the size of a ‘matchbox’ implying that the shark is so stupid. We will write a custom essay sample on Basking Shark Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as immense. chilling animal ( implied earliar with the word monster ) as that. has a really little encephalon. and that can in bend affect the sharks opinion. The enunciation used is used to connote that the shark does non belong. and is in fact the ‘ugly duckling’ . This is brought out by this illustration: â€Å"†¦this decadent townee. shook on a incorrect subdivision of his household tree† . This illustration petrays the fact that the poet is speaking about a basking shark. and based on the anterior cognition he has. it is a harmless shark. but due to the huge size it can turn. it can terrorise guiltless people. hence the mention to ‘monster’ . However. the author feels that due to its immense size. it does non belong to the species of enjoying sharks. but alternatively belongs to another species. 1 that would be more appropriate to suit its size. This. in bend. creates a tone of exclusion. When the poet besides uses the word decadent. it merely strengthens the tone he is seeking to make. as due to the exclusion of the basking shark. it is worsening in Numberss! This besides has a connexion with the temper in the verse form. as the worsening Numberss can take to the readers experiencing sad about the shark. and can do the readers feel commiseration for the sharks. When the poet references ‘so. who’s the monster’ . he is seeking to convey the human status after the brush with the shark. In this he is playing with the words. a wordplay of kinds. as he sees the shark as a moster. and therefore his fright additions. So in this he is speaking about the emotion. as a portion of the human status. picturing that worlds are easy scared. However. these words can hold a double significance. as he could br mentioning to the human holding a sense of high quality over the shork. claiming that the homo is the monster. This is brought out in the forst stanza: â€Å"to stub an oar where none should be†¦once ( excessively frequently ) to me† . This stanza describes the human status as one that is intrusive. as the adult male is irrupting into the infinite of the shark. as though seeking to convey the message of. â€Å"look who’s the boss† . which in the footings of the text can be â€Å" so. who’s the monste r† . The imagination and construction strengthen the significance of the verse form by showing human undertakings. or. even emotions. with one of them being repeat. â€Å"for 20 seconds. canvas after sail† . in which the word ‘sail’ is repeated. connoting that the poet is in a haste to acquire off from the shark. and would repeatedly sail. in order to acquire off from the shark. The verse form on the whole is really short. merely five stanzas with three lines each. all of them riming. with the construction of abdominal aortic aneurysm. bbb. abdominal aortic aneurysm. bbb. ccc. This rhyming construction quickens the gait of the peom. hotfooting through the verse form. picturing that this brush happened really rapidly.

Is “Sredni Vashtar” a Horror Short Story Essay Essay Example

Is â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† a Horror Short Story? Essay Paper â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† Takes a close expression into the life and interactions of and between Conradin ; his cousin and wise man. Mrs. de Ropp and Conradin’s Ferret and God: Sredni Vashtar. It can be described as a horror narrative because of its character’s description. subjects and puting. It shows the spiritual ruin of the supporter. the decease of the adversary and the deficiency of coherency in society. Saki emphasises the horror in the chief characters. including both the supporters and adversaries. â€Å"Conradin† is described as a â€Å"ten old ages old† boy. skinny and sick who â€Å"will non unrecorded for another 5 years† . It is non a nice image for a male child. and it can either do understanding or apathy. However. the fact that he has a â€Å"rampant† imaginativeness and he uses it to hedge world. intimidates the reader. The adversary is Mrs. De Ropp. a high-toned senior adult female. which is Conradin’s â€Å"guardian and cousin† . Even if she does non acknowledge it â€Å"she disliked Conradin† . which becomes obvious with some actions and inside informations she has with Conradin. such as killing his biddy and friend. We will write a custom essay sample on Is â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† a Horror Short Story? Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† a Horror Short Story? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† a Horror Short Story? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sredni Vashtar is a Mustela nigripes. a God and a faith. all at the same clip. It’s hard for a reader. particularly if we took into history the societal and spiritual contex. to non experience uncomfortable or intimidated with/by this character. It symbolises Conradin’s spiritual fail. it kills Mrs. De Ropp and is described as a ferocious animal. Besides it has complete control over Conradin. even that it’s non a believing person. The amah is the other human character described. She is the contact point with society and ordinary life styles. in other words world. She is described as a clumsy and â€Å"foolish† individual. who lacked importance. This shows the author’s and protagonist’s sentiment of society. Despite the fact that is non described in item. the scene has a batch of impact on the reader. First of all. the narrative is set during autumn. the horror season in most civilizations. It’s besides the clip when nature begins to decease. The Edwardian sign of the zodiac is described to hold â€Å"many windows† . which normally in literature symbolise eyes. This creates a feeling of changeless watchfulness. as if Conradin and the reader could non make anything without Mrs. De Ropp cognizing. The deficiency of item pushes the reader to utilize his ain imaginativeness to animate the old Edwardian sign of the zodiac. which can either make more fright orcut down it. depending on the reader. The â€Å"cheerless† garden with â€Å"few trees† represents Mrs. De Ropp waterless personality and decrepit physical visual aspect. which emphasises the sorrow and fright felt for the adversary. The two chief topographic points Conradin spends most clip on are his room and the toolshed. The first 1 is described as been â€Å"dark† and the 2nd been at â€Å"dusk† . Light represents hope. so Sredni Vashtar. who lives in the tool shed. besides represents hope. The chief subjects are the kids function in the high category society. how the supporters fails to carry through them and the consecuences. The reader can easy see the closed societal and spiritual positions Saki is seeking to knock: The Edwardian high category societal criterions. based on pride. terrible regulations and cold penalties and the deficiency of mundane devotedness for faith. despite which 1. The supporter contrast and wholly interrupt these regulations: Conradin hated his cousin. lost and changed his religion. did non had manners and rejected society. As we can detect â€Å"Sredni Vashta† represents divinity/God’s fail. in a societal context where faith was highly strong and of import in mundane life ; This evidently drags reader’s attending. Saki besides explores the importance of a close household. which he lacked because. merely as the supporter. he was raised in Burma by despised relations. In the narrative Conradin did non hold a stopping point and loving household so become into a troubled child. with psychological. wellness and societal jobs. The linguistic communication used to depict the supporter includes a series of techniques Saki uses to underscore specific features or do a certain consequence on the reader. For illustration the spiritual ruin: Saki describes how Conradin thinks â€Å"church service was an foreign rite† and alternatively his God was a ferret. Saki foreshadows Mrs. De Ropp’s decease with Conradin’s hen decease and with the supplications Conradin says to Sredni Vashtar: â€Å"Do one thing for me. Sredi Vashtar† This makes the readers pay attending to any inside informations and do non free involvement. every bit good as making a horror and suspense atmosphere. The contrast between the â€Å"cold afternoon† and the â€Å"warming daylight† is a hapless false belief which represents Mrs. De Ropp’s hope melting. expecting her decease. The toast is a symbolism for the pleasance decease can do. This is shown when Mrs. De Ropp tells Conradin about his friend’s decease and she offers him a toast. and when Mrs. De Ropp is killed. Conradin prepares himself a toast. The fact that is his favorite repast shows the ill outlook of the character. who celebrates his freedom but besides decease. Humor. irony and dramatic sarcasm are normally used by Saki in â€Å"Sredni Vashtar† . which develop a creepiness esthesis on the reader. For illustration the amah says after Mrs. De Ropp’s decease â€Å"Whoever will interrupt it to the hapless kid? † . this dramatic sarcasm is used to underscore the fact that society did non understood Conradin. and it’s humourous because the amah was described as a stupid character.

Imaginary Friends (Published) Essays

Imaginary Friends (Published) Essays Imaginary Friends (Published) Essay Imaginary Friends (Published) Essay Imaginary friends Imaginary friends are very common in kids with big imagination, very lonely or mentally ill. The most probable would be loneliness. These are usually caused by children whose parents are away or always busy. Thus, their time being with their children is limited. It is said that because of their loneliness, imaginary friends are born. They would usually talk with them, play with them or just stay by their sides. These are very normal, but they also have side effect. Some of the rare causes of having imaginary friend are having a real spiritual friend. Many causes of paranormal stuffs involving hallucinations or mentally ill, but some are real. These rare cases are only experienced by children who have physical abilities or just victims of their super natural world. Sometimes, when a family moves to another place, there is a small percentage that their children would experience having an imaginary friend, depending on the things that took place where they live. Some fortunate kids would make new spiritual friends. They might even become their guardian angel, but not all of them are lucky. I was one of the lucky few who have met such a kid. Her name was Antonia. She was one of my best friends until they move to a new house in Boston. I remember very well, that Antonia would come to my place and tell me stories of her childhood days. One of the stories she told me happed when she was like seven years old when she stayed at her grandparents’ house at summer in Tennessee. There at their house in Tennessee, she had no friends, so she had â€Å"Imaginary Friends†, for she thought it is common for children of all ages to have imaginary friends. Yet, children usually aren’t able to tell a story to adults so many times without it being true. As I can recall, the story happened like this†¦ That night before she went to sleep, she laid there in the bed and stared at the ceiling. The room has many kinds of antiques, since that room belonged once to Antonia’s how many greats grandmother. In the middle of the room there was a crystalline chandelier, which any home probably from the eighteen hundreds. I remembered her telling me that whenever she’s looking at this chandelier every night, all of a sudden many little sparkles would come piling out. The only way she can describe them is when its dark and you look around, you can see tons of little lights blinking, or when you look into the sun for too long. Anyway, these were not just from looking into the dark they moved, without her moving my eyes. Every night, her â€Å"sparkling imaginary friend† would appear out from the chandelier. Every night they would talk about things that they have in common. Also she told me that whenever she would talk to her, they did not speak to her aloud nor whisper, but she could hear them in her head and would answer them aloud. Which was weird for a kid like her, but she didn’t care much back then. I would, in conversation, mention my sparkling imaginary friends, my parents would think nothing of it. Then I started to talk about them more frequently, maybe trying to tell my parents about them. One night, my parents were putting me to bed and brought a glass of milk for me to drink. I insisted that my friends were mad at me. I dont remember why they were upset now, but Im thinking because I told my parents. They left the room and the glass of milk with me. The next morning my big brother came to wake me up and found that the glass of milk had been dumped on my head. He ran and got my parents, who woke me up and asked me why would you do this? I simply replied, I told you they were mad at me. My so-called imaginary friends never forgave me. I never saw them again but throughout the year some more odd things have happened to me, but as she got older her imaginary friends slowly fade away and thus she had made friends with real people. Real friends that will be by her side no matter what’ll happen.

The Crown Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Crown Court - Essay Example Summary offenses dealt with at the Magistrate Court include less serious ones such as traffic offenses or failure to pay taxes and will generally include all cases, including triable offenses, where the defendant has opted for a summary trial. However, the Crown Court hears those cases involving indictable offenses which include the category of serious offenses such as rape or murder. In so far as triable offenses are concerned, all offenses start at the Magistrate Court but the Crown Court deals with all those offenses which the Magistrate Court feels is so serious that only the Crown Court can with it, or where the defendant has requested for trial by jury. â€Å"Approximately ninety-six percent of criminal cases are dealt with summarily at a Magistrates Court.†2 A comparison of workloads of the two courts in terms of trials which was conducted in 1999 showed that â€Å"over four times as many trials took place in the magistrate's courts as in the Crown Court.†3 The q ualifications required to sit as a judge in a Crown Court is that the person in question must be a fully qualified solicitor or barrister and must have spent a minimum time of at least seven years in practice, after qualifying. In the case of magistrates, no formal training is advocacy is required and magistrates are drawn from a wide variety of backgrounds. Lay Magistrates only undergo a short period of training and the exhaustive legal qualification and practice requirements required of judicial authorities in the crown courts are not expected of them. They are appointed by Lord Chancellor on the advice of the local advisory committees. However, the advantage with lay magistrates is that they are sensitive to local conditions prevailing in the area where they serve.  While judicial officials receive a salary, magistrates are not paid and give their time on a voluntary basis to engage in the business of administration of justice.  

Compare Contrast 2 Poems A Working Girl Can't Win and Advice to my Son Essay

Compare Contrast 2 Poems A Working Girl Can't Win and Advice to my Son - Essay Example Peter Meinke try to tell in their poems based on their own experiences in â€Å"A Working Girl Can’t Win† and â€Å"Advice to my son†, respectively. More or less, both of them share their perceptions of people and life as assumed unanimously. The only difference in their poems is that Meinke takes a positive approach to life and advice his son to survive the harsh realities of life and live a better one, whereas Garrison discusses about the harsh stereotypes associated with women in their workplaces and daily lives. With the use of diction and imagery, these poems bring forth the harsh realities in life. Garrison emphasizes on the victimized state of women at the hands of the patriarchal and male dominated society. This all point towards gender discriminations which does not allow women to have the stability and sense of belonging in a workplace compared to their male counterpart. Thus, in order to prove their capabilities and intellect, they have to juggle with different identities: a work self and a feminine self (Hippel et al. 156). As these stereotypes prevail, Garrison, by using diction and vivid imagination, narrates the ubiquitous undeserving labels associated with women in workplace and elsewhere. Their chastity is libelled by questioning their status as â€Å"pundits or a slut† (Garrison). ... These men then criticise them for being too soft or strident, too aggressive or not enough. Normally, a few of these attributes portray a confident persona in men, however, this all appears abrasive in women (Rhodes 6). These attributes leave a woman battling for her status alone. But what these women forget is that in struggling they lose themselves forgetting how to live a normal life. Because they are involved in removing the threatening views from the society, their family is the only one who cherishes their endeavours and grieves their absence. The reason behind this is that women are considered as possession by men. They are to yield to men and not vice versa. But what everyone seems to forget is that women used to have a higher status than men in late II century BC (Campbell 6). Matriarchy was indeed very powerful until it crumbled. Where a struggling woman is seen undergoing transgression, Meinke, rather than bringing another reality upfront, shows an optimistic outlook towar ds harsh realities in life. The narrator of the poem advices his son to cherish life no matter the melancholy and gloominess it brings along. In his point of view, hardships are a fact of life and can not be denied. Not only will they come, but there also will be a day when the harbinger of death will arrive with â€Å"the shattered windshield and bursting shell† (Meinke) putting an end to everything earthly. Life is full of miseries and burdens which each individual has to deal with on their own. But as human beings are weak in nature, they crave for more and more ignoring what they already have as Rev. Leroy Allison said, â€Å"We spend too much time living in the ‘what if’ and

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management - Essay Example The products of the company are sold in the market with various brand names like Audi, Skoda, SEAT, Bentley, Bugatti, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Lamborghini, Bugatti, and so on. The company’s business activities are mainly operated in the geographical locations of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South America. The organisation is headquartered at Wolfsburg, Germany and was founded in the year 1937 (Yahoo Finance, 2012a). The shares of Volkswagen are publicly traded in the Frankfurt Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol â€Å"VOW†. The company is found to have strategic alliances with other leading companies like Porsche AG, Chrystal Group, Daimler AG, etc. At present it is considered to be the market leader in the car manufacturing industry of Europe (Yahoo Finance, 2012b). This study entails about identifying and evaluating the business strategies followed by Volkswagen to maintain its leadership position in the market. Various strategic tools like PESTEL and SWOT analysis have been performed in this study to gain understanding and knowledge about the micro and macro environment factors having an impact on the company and how it has managed to become profitable and sustainable in the given market environment. Market Identification Volkswagen Group operates its business in the global automotive industry and has successfully managed to maintain its leadership position in the market through effective management of available resources in the industry. Porter’s five forces model helps an organization to assess the competitive forces which exists within the industry (Hill & Jones, 2012, p. 49). The forces which help in the process are named as a) threat of new entrants, b) threat from the substitute products or services, c) bargaining power of the suppliers, d) bargaining power of the consumers, and e) competition within the industry (Society for Human Resource Management (U.S.), 2006, p. 38-39). As regards the Volkswagen Group, co mprehensive analyses of these market forces existing in the global automotive industry have been discussed as given below: A. Buyer Power: The buyer power in the automotive industry is weak because it is mainly dominated by a small number of car manufacturers like Volkswagen, Ford, and General Motors. The primary buyers are the dealers and they are forced to sell the product brands that are preferred by the consumers in a particular market. Moreover, it is difficult for the dealers to integrate backwards because of different nature of the industry that requires high capital investment to manufacture products that are sold by them to the end customers. B. Supplier Power: The key inputs that are required by the automobile manufacturers like Volkswagen include certain commodities like metals and other fabricated components. These raw materials are sourced by the car manufacturers from outside suppliers who are mostly large multinational companies having a strong presence in the market. This increases the supplier power in the market. However, the supplier power is weakened due to low differentiation of raw materials required by the car manufacturers. Hence, overall the supplier power is moderate in nature. C. Threat of New Entrants: If we speak of the threat of new entrants in the market it can be adjudged as low because brand value plays a vital role in the industry and it is difficult for the new players to establish their brand reputation immediately after entering into the market. Companies

Evaluating Theories of Motivation in Project Management

Evaluating Theories of Motivation in Project Management Introduction Banking sector continues to be one of the most important economic sectors and one of the most rapid growing businesses in Albania in the last 10 year (Bank of Albania, 2010, www.bankofalbania.org ). Societe Generale Albania (SGAL), previously named Banka Popullore, started its activity on 1st of March 2004. In April 2007, Societe Generale Group acquired 75.01% of the shares of this bank. SGAL has its head office in Tirana and is present allover Albania with 41 operation branches. At the end of 2009, the bank had 379 employees, both Albanian and French nationality (Annual Report 2009, 2010, www.societegenerale.al ). The case study Being one of the most important economic sectors has created enough space for operation of 17 Banks in a relatively small market like Albania. With such a high competition it is very important that banks stay always in line with economic developments and react fast toward customer needs for new products or adaptation. Societe Genereale Albania Bank is quite small and there are frequently high pressures for sharing resources in order to complete in time and with budget different operational or business initiatives. These needs has made mandatory for bank management to apply a matrix organizational layout. Matrix organizational structures are quite complicated when it comes to management and control of staff performance. They bring the employee in front of two managers, the usual department manager and the temporary project manager. There a lot of researches and studies for motivation in standard organizational structure, but the topic is considered as less explored when it comes to project management (Dwivedula and Bredillet, 2009). Theories of motivations Motivation is the driving force within individuals that compels them physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to fulfill their needs or expectations, (Lam and Tang, 2003). There are currently a lot of theories to explain the nature of motivation and help mangers on addressing it according to their needs. These theories do not conflict between them, which means the manager can use any of them or even combine them (Birnberg, Luft and Shields, 2007). This assignment will be focused in two theories; The hierarchy of needs as one of the first ones and most well known by all kind of managers and the dual-structure theory since it was developed based on a research on engineers and accounts, which is about the same environment and employee nature as in SGAL Bank. Another reason for selecting these theories is the fact that both of them have as a starting point the fulfillment of basic human needs and in the development countries we meet a high demand of these needs. The Hierarchy of Needs The theory is well known and was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940. According to this theory the needs are organized in five main groups of needs that stay together in the form of a pyramid (Maslow, 1943): Physiological Needs; they stay in the bottom of the pyramid and include the basic needs of every human being such as: the need for food, drink, education, medical care, etc. Every organization can provide these needs by providing good working condition and a salary to their employees. Security Needs; includes the need for feeling safe and secure, having a secure job, having a home and a future. The organization can satisfy these needs by offering job continuity, health insurance and retirement plans. Belongingness Needs; includes the needs of humans to love and be loved, to be accepted by others, to take and give friendship. Most of this needs get satisfied by the family ties, but this is not enough since we spend a considerable time of our life in our works. Managers and direct supervisors can play a significant role to satisfy these needs by encouraging the work in group, enhance their communication with employees and provided basis for social interaction between employees. Esteem Needs; the needs of this group can be divided into two major needs, the need for self respect and the need for being respected by others. Both department managers and project managers can satisfy this by giving the staff a job title, awards, recognition of merits, benefits etc. Self-Actualization Needs; is the highest level of the hierarchy and includes the need we have to be the one we want to be in order to be self fulfilled. If all the other levels of the hierarchy are fully satisfied, it does not remain a lot for the managers to do to satisfy this need. All they need to take care is to make sure the individual has a challenging job and that other needs of lower level do not become deficient. According to the theory the needs of each level should be satisfied before going to the next level until we reach the self-actualization needs, however if during our road to the top of hierarchy, a lower level of need become deficient again, the individual returns to that level (Moorhead and Griffin, 1995). Despite the fact that the theory is well recognized among many organization and managers due to the intuitive logic and easy understanding, the theory is not fully validated either by Maslow or any other research, in contrary many deficiencies have been identified (Wahba and Bridwell, 1976) The most common criticism is the limited number of people used in his research and coming out with conclusions which applies to everybody (Boeree, 2006, http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html). Such a conclusion of course does not look very scientific. Another important one are the constrains that Maslow put on the self-actualization. He pointed out that the self actualization is in the top of his hierarchy and can be reached only when all the other needs are satisfy. In opposite to this there are many examples where people show outputs of self-actualization by being fare from fulfillment of their basic or belongingness needs (examples of artists and scientist). It is important to mention that if we carefully evaluate the hierarchy we see that the most basic needs, up to the third level, are usually satisfied by the government and/or organization rules and regulation. If we go up in the hierarchy of needs, we see that there are direct supervisors and team members who help to satisfy the needs and turn them in motivators for improving job performance. The Dual-Structure Theory The theory was developed by Herzberg on late 1950s based on a research with a couple of hundred engineers and accounts (Herzberg, 1968). The finding of this research proved that different set of factors were connected with different feelings about work. The motivation of an employee goes in a two step process, first satisfying the employee (eliminate any factor which may bring dissatisfaction, fulfill the hygiene factors) and second go with motivation factors. The motivation factors would result at the end with satisfied and motivated employees who can have a long term and positive job performance. The hygiene factors (salary, company policies, competence, interpersonal relations, working conditions, etc) when they exist, they are in placed by the company strategy and/or governments rules and they are not directly related to the performance and ability of the employee. In opposite with them, the employee can get the motivation factors (recognition, achievement, work itself, advancement, and responsibility) by his involvement and his work but also by the ability of his manager to give them (McCrimmon, 2008). The combination of these factors can set employee in four situations (Herzberg, 1987): Satisfied and motivated employee. It is a target situation for having the best performance, there is not a lot to be done if you have employee being in this status. Satisfied but not motivated. If the employees are in this status, it means the hygiene factors are all accomplished and the managers should find the way to apply motivation factors and change the status; otherwise the de-motivated employee will bring low productivity and bad quality. Not satisfied but motivated. In this case it is the company who should change its policies and rules and try to change the situation. An employee is not expected to stay longer in this status. Not satisfied and not motivated. The worst situation, both company and managers have a lot to do. These employees will bring to the business apart from the low productivity and bad quality a lot of complains, strikes and no communication. The theory has been analyzed more than any other theory in the field of organizational behavior (Pinder, 1998) and the results are quite contradictory. Studies and researchers which use the same method support the theory, other ones criticize it for the research population used, which is limited only to accountants and engineers. The theory does not take into account the individual differences, since a motivation factor can depend on individual age and/or organizational model (House and Wigdor, 1967). Herzbergs theory states that money does not motivate employees but only satisfies them (Herzberg, 1968), due to this statement the theory is widely discussed and analyzed in studies and researches about the rewarding and motivation (Beel, 2007).The rewords supporters are totally against it and they say it does not have evidences to prove that money is not a motivation. Another aspect of critics is the fact that the theory does not take in consideration the circumstances, what does motivate an employee today, not necessary satisfy and motivate another one tomorrow (Robbins, 2005). Visual presentation of the dual structure theory (http://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg.asp, Nov 2010) As displayed in this graphic the theory goes though two major phases, first eliminate the dissatisfaction by providing all the hygiene factors and then start applying motivation factors and have motivated employee and high performance. Motivation in Project management PRINCE2 manual defines a project as: a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case. Another definition is: a temporary organization that is needed to produce a unique and pre-define outcome or result at a pre-specified time using pre-determined resources. Being a temporary organization and with specific targets, the project organization is a different structure than a normal organization unit and different rules and practices are applied in every aspect of organizational behavior, including motivation. Description of case study In 2008, Societe Generale Albania started a fifteen months project for migration of existing core banking system. The project team was composed by more than twenty high qualified employees coming from different departments and sectors, different education and different professional background. Many different positions were defined as part of the project such as; translators, business analysts, IT developers, organization and even a public relationship specialist. The bank knew since the beginning that such a challenging and multidimensional project could not succeed within the specified time and budget without a motivated team. To achieve a motivated team, SGAL manly considered the assumption that people are motivated by money. This assuming was coming from their experience with the sales force in the branch network and missing of experience on running projects. They provided project staff with a simple bonus schema based on their performance with a maximum of one monthly salary. The bonus was delivered once in the middle of the project and once in the end of it. In addition to this bank has tried to provide good working condition, apply policy on compensation and benefit, apply payment of social and health insurances, apply Global Employee Share Ownership program, so staff has not only the status of employee but also have a shareholder status (BHFM/SGO/REF, 2007), and also apply some flexibility working hours. Analysis It is important to highlight since the beginning that motivation in project is different from motivation in standard organization infrastructure. There are 2 major differences (Schmid Adams, 2008), the first one is related to the fact that in projects, tasks and leaders are temporary. Considering that projects are a temporary organization, than can a project manager do something to motivate its employee, even if the organization motivation is not in the required level? The second difference is that each project goes through some main phases; planning, executing, monitoring and closing, so different factors should be used to motivate the team in different project statuses. If we get back and see, company has already addressed most of the hygiene factors, but because of the no experience on the field the bank has totally under evaluated the job security factor. A few months before the end of the project, two key persons, data migration manager and accounting business analyst resign from the project. The main reasons for that were the missing of a clear view for their position in the bank at the end of the project and continues overload. According to the Herzberg theory, if job security factor is not addressed the result is to have dissatisfied employee, and a dissatisfied employee can not stay with the company for a long period and either have a good performance. There are two issues coming from this: the management of the bank failed to provide the security for the job continuity and the project manager failed to plan a proper work-life balance and properly manage the overload. Failing in providing these factors had become precedent for staff leaving the project and the company just before the closing phase of the project and causing delays and increase lack of self-confidence among other members. As a result of this, high qualified staff found themselves de-motivated. If we go up in the hierarchy of needs we dont see evidences for fulfill the social needs of the project team. SGAL management did not organize any social activities during the project. Only at the end of the project, when the success was evident, the company organized a party. The project management from the other side attempted to do some socialization between team members, but that was on a limited number of people and not on regular basis. According to Dwivedula and Bredillet (2010) a positive work climate of the group is achieved when all members have task interdependence, one common objective to achieve and of course a good relationship and constant communication with each other. Social activities are important to have a positive work environment, but the project manager has to be very careful and evaluate each situation so, if one person intrinsic motivation is alienated then it may bring the spillover effect and de-motivated the entire team (Schmid and Admas, 2008). From Herzberg dual-structure theory we know that satisfied employee is not enough to have motivated employee. Project and organization management had addressed the recognitions and achievements factors by establishing an internal magazine distributed monthly to all bank staff and fully dedicated to the project team and their achievements. We indicated above that SGAL management allowed some of the project team members to have flexible working hours, this was a very positive thing, which properly addresses the status factor by making them fill different and appreciated. How where the staff selected to be part of the project? Where they volunteering or just appointed without their will? Most of the team was appointed to the project. According to a research made by Aller, Lyth and Mallak (2008) the creation of project team using co-mingling method (volunteering to the project positions) gives an interest and motivated team. By selecting this method there are also chances that the project staff has the appropriate skills and abilities to make the job. Despite the fact that this research is addressed to the setup of teams in university projects, it can be useful and applicable in creation of every project team. When used and combined with other methods this would help on achieving of a high job satisfaction level of the team members. Conclusion Employee performance is determined by three main components: ability to do the job; work environment; and motivation (Griffin, 1990, p.437) The first two ones can be better addressed by the permanent organization of the bank as most probably they need time and investments. Staff not being able to perform an activity may need to be trained to do so, good working environment also need investments and time to be in placed. Motivation from the other side is something which can immediately improve the performance if managed properly. Projects by definition are a temporary organization; this automatically excludes or reduces them from addressing ability and work environment and totally focus on the motivation. To motivate staff means to provide them with a motive to do the tasks. A successful project manager is somebody who is able to find the motives which apply to each employee and turn them from common worker to extraordinary ones. Maslows hierarchy of needs and Herzbergs dual-structure theory are valid models of motivation in project management and in development countries. These models should not be seen as frozen theories; they should be properly evaluated, used and interpreted by each project manager to stimulate team members, growth their individual development, reach projects goals and increase productivity in organization. However we should always keep in mind that some people may have exceptions form this hierarchy. The bank can help its project leader by performing surveys which would tell what the employees preferences for job motivation are. Often the strongest motivators for employee are the things they miss more in their job.

Hawthorne?s Symbolism In The House Of Seven Gables Essay examples -- e

American Literature reflects life, and the struggles that we face during our existence. The great authors of our time incorporate life’s problems into their literature directly and indirectly. The stories themselves bluntly tell us a story, however, an author also uses symbols to relay to us his message in a more subtle manner. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book The House of Seven Gable’s symbolism is eloquently used to enhance the story being told, by giving us a deeper insight into the author’s intentions in writing the story. The book begins by describing the most obvious symbol of the house itself. The house itself takes on human like characteristics as it is being described by Hawthorne in the opening chapters. The house is described as "breathing through the spiracles of one great chimney"(Hawthorne 7). Hawthorne uses descriptive lines like this to turn the house into a symbol of the lives that have passed through its halls. The house takes on a persona of a living creature that exists and influences the lives of everybody who enters through its doors. (Colacurcio 113) "So much of mankind’s varied experience had passed there - so much had been suffered, and something, too, enjoyed - that the very timbers were oozy, as with the moisture of a heart." (Hawthorne 27). Hawthorne turns the house into a symbol of the collection of all the hearts that were darkened by the house. "It was itself like a great human heart, with a life of its own, and full of rich and somber reminiscences" (Hawthorne 27). Evert Augustus Duyckinck agrees that "The chief perhaps, of the dramatis personae, is the house itself. From its turrets to its kitchen, in every nook and recess without and within, it is alive and vital." (Hawthorne 352) Duyckinck feels that the house is meant to be used as a symbol of an actual character, "Truly it is an actor in the scene"(Hawthorne 352). This turns the house into an interesting, but still depressing place that darkens the book in many ways. Hawthorne means for the house’s gloomy atmosphere to symbolize many things in his book. The house also is used to symbolize a prison that has darkened the lives of its inmates forever. The house is a prison because it prevents its inhabitants form truly enjoying any freedom. The inhabitants try to escape from their incarceration twice. Initially, as Phoebe and C... .... Hawthorne meant to not only entertain with his writings, but also to inform if possible. This explains the extensive use of symbolism in his work. Overall, Hawthorne did not just write a story, he wrote a classic that has stood the test of time. Works Cited Abel, Darrel. The Moral Picturesque: Studies in Hawthorne’s Fiction. Indiana: Purdue UP, 1988. Arac, Jonathan. "The House and the Railroad: Dombey and Son and The House of the Seven Gables." The New England Quarterly volume LI (1978) : 3 - 22. Colacurcio, Michael. "The Sense of an Author: The Familiar Life and Strange Imaginings of Nathaniel Hawthorne." ESQ 103 (1981) : 113. Crowley, Donald. Hawthorne: The Critical Heritage. London: W & J Mackay Co. Ltd., 1970. Erlich, Gloria. Family Themes and Hawthorne’s Fiction: The Tenacious Web. New Jersey: Rutgers UP, 1984. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of Seven Gables: An Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Sources Essays in Criticism. Ed. Seymour Gross. New York: W W Norton & Co.,1967. Kaul, A., ed. Hawthorne: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey : Prentice - Hall Inc., 1966. Rountree, Thomas, ed. Critics on Hawthorne. Florida: U of Miami P, 1972.